According to the FAO, a fishery is typically defined in terms of the "people involved, species or type of harvested aquatic species, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats, purpose of the activities or a combination of the foregoing features".
Directly or indirectly, the livelihood of over 500 million people in developing countries depends on fisheries and aquaculture.
Close to 90% of the world’s wild fishery catches come from oceans and seas, as opposed to inland waters. These marine catches have remained relatively stable since the mid-nineties ranging from 80,000,000–86,000,000 tonnes.
A small number of species support the majority of the world’s fisheries. These species include herring, cod, anchovy, tuna, flounder, mullet, squid, shrimp, salmon, crab, lobster, oyster and scallops. All except the last four provided a worldwide catch of well over 1,000,000 tonnes in 1999, with herring and sardines together providing a harvest of over 22,000,000 metric tons in 1999.
Friend of the Sea Criteria for Sustainable Fisheries require:
- target stock to be not overexploited
- fishery to generate maximum 8% discards
- no bycatch of endangered species
- no impact on the seabed
- compliance with regulations (TAC, IUU, FOC, minimum size, etc)
- social accountability
- gradual reduction of carbon footprint
Over 85 fisheries in all oceans have been found to be compliant with Friend of the Sea criteria and are considered approved. 23 fisheries origins have NOT been approved as they were not compliant with one or more Friend of the Sea criteria.
ALFONSINO
ANCHOVIES
BLUE COD
BRILL
- Netherlands - Noordzee Vissers Consortium III fleet - Sumwing - Scopthalmus rhombus - FAO 27 North Sea
CLAMS
COD
CROAKER
- Ghana - Artisanal fishery - Purse seine - Cassava Croaker - Pseudotolithus spp - FAO 34
CUTTLEFISH
DAB
- Netherlands - Noordzee Vissers Consortium III fleet - Sumwing - Limanda limanda - FAO 27 North Sea
FORKBEARD
FROSTFISH
GROUPER
GURNARD
JOHN DORY
KINGFISH
KRILL
- Norway - Olympic Seafoods - Midwater trawl - Euphasia superba - FAO 48, Sub 48.1 and 48.2
- USA / China- Neptune / Shangaii Fisheries General Corp - Midwater trawl - Euphasia superba - FAO 48, Sub 48.1 and 48.2
LOBSTER
MACKEREL
MENHADEN
MOONFISH
PERCH AND PIKE PERCH
PINK CUSK EEL
PLAICE
- Netherlands - Noordzee Vissers Consortium III fleet - Sumwing - Pleuronectes platessa - FAO 27 North Sea
POMPANO
PORAE
PRAWNS and SHRIMPS
SALMON
SARDINES
SEABREAM
SHARKS
SHRIMPS
SOLE
SMOOTH PUFFER
- Ghana - Artisanal fishery - Line and Purse Seine - Lagocephalus laevigatus - FAO 34
SNAPPER
SQUID
SWORDFISH
TREVALLY
TUNA
- Brazil - Longline - Thunnus albacares, Thunnus obesus - FAO 41
- Brazil - Pole and line - Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares - FAO 41
- Ecuador - Longline - Thunnus albacares - FAO 87
- France / La Réunion - Sapmer - Purse Seine - Indian Ocean
- Maldives - Handline - Thunnus albacares - Indian Ocean
- Oman - Handline - Thunnus albacares - Oman EEZ
- New Zealand - Lee Fish - Handline - Thunnus albacares - East Coast of New Zealand
- Philppines - Frabelle fleet - Purse seine - Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares - FAO 71
- Philippines - Handline - Thunnus albacares - Indian Ocean
- Senegal - Asociacion Atuneros Caneros Dakar Tuna fleet - Pole and line - Thunnus obesus, Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares - FAO 34
- Senegal - Tunasen SA - Pole and line - Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares, Thunnus obesus - FAO 34
- South Africa - AKA Global Fish fleet - Pole and line - Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares - FAO 47
- Spain - Calvo Pesca Atlàntico S.A. - Purse seine - Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares, Thunnus obesus - FAO 34 and 47
- Spain - Calvo Pesca El Salvador S.A. de C.V. - Purse seine - Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares, FAO 71, 77, 87 Thunnus obesus FAO 77,87
- Spain - Pevaeche fleet (Pevasa, Inpesca, Sea Breeze, Atuneros Vascos) - Purse seine - Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus obesus, Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares - FAO 34 -
- Spain / Belize - Sant Yago - Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares, Thunnus obesus - Purse seine - FAO 34
- Sri Lanka - Handline - Thunnus albacares - Indian Ocean
TURBOT
- Netherlands - Noordzee Vissers Consortium III fleet - Sumwing - Psetta maxima - FAO 27 North Sea